In the mid-1980s, Sinclair’s ZX Spectrum was a marvel of affordable computing, but it was also notoriously finicky. The infamous "RAM pack wobble" could crash a game mid-jump, and a failing lower RAM chip often manifested as a blank screen with a distinctive buzzing sound—a death knell for many hobbyists.
Retroleum DiagROM: One of the most popular modern diagnostic ROMs. It tests internal RAM, ROM checksums, keyboard matrix, sound (BEEP and AY-chip), and ULA video output. zx spectrum test program link
If you're looking for a deep dive into diagnosing or testing a ZX Spectrum, there are several highly regarded blog posts and technical guides that cover everything from RAM testing to reverse engineering. Essential Diagnostic & Test Programs ZX Spectrum Diagnostic ROM The "Diagnostic" That Saved Thousands of Speccies In
Tell me which you’d prefer (assembler source, TAP/TZX creation script, or a packaged test-suite layout) and target machine (48K, 128K, +3, or a specific clone). The Z80 CPU: Verifying instruction sets
If your Spectrum is so dead it cannot load from tape, you need a hardware-based solution. In this case, a ZX Spectrum test program link is not a file but a physical EPROM.
Only after the border responds does the program attempt to write the 0x55/0xAA pattern to screen memory, reading it back to confirm DRAM access.