In Young Sheldon Season 2, Episode 10 ("A Stunted Childhood and a Can of Fancy Mixed Nuts"), there is no specific academic "paper" or "lossless" technical plot point.
Technical appendix (short)
Viewing S02E10 as an exploration of "Lossless" gives us a psychological reason for his hoarding tendencies. Sheldon becomes an archivist because he is terrified of the "lossy" nature of time. He tries to make his life lossless by refusing to let go of any physical evidence of it.
As Sheldon tries to convince his family to adopt the new audio format, he also becomes fixated on ripping their entire music collection to lossless. This leads to a series of humorous moments as he tries to explain the technical details of lossless audio to his family, who are largely uninterested.
For a show like Young Sheldon, why does this matter for Season 2, Episode 10? Because this episode, titled "A Brainwashing Device or a Rather Expensive Nutcracker," is an auditory anomaly in the series' run.