A For centuries, birds were dismissed as instinct-driven creatures with limited cognitive ability. However, over the past two decades, research has dramatically overturned this view, particularly regarding the family Corvidae, which includes crows, ravens, jays, magpies, and jackdaws. These birds demonstrate problem-solving, tool use, episodic-like memory, and even social reasoning that rivals or exceeds that of great apes and young children.
3. Summary CompletionWatch for synonyms. For example, "retrieving food" might be paraphrased as "obtaining rewards" or "extracting grubs". Tips for "Extra Quality" Performance The Feathered Apes: Understanding Corvid Intelligence A For
The crows associated the mask with the "dangerous" event of being captured or handled. Tips for "Extra Quality" Performance The crows associated
Grub(s) — Wild crows use tools to retrieve these from deep tree holes. For every keyword in a question
Tool Manufacture: New Caledonian crows (e.g., Betty) were observed bending wire into hooks to retrieve food, showing problem-solving beyond innate instinct.
Corvids don't use the same tool for every task; they modify. Similarly, IELTS rewrites the passage. For every keyword in a question, imagine 2-3 synonyms.
Demonstrates the ability to modify materials to create functional hooks. (Answer: A)