Connecting a physical USB device to an Android emulator is not natively supported through the standard Android Studio GUI, but you can achieve it via USB Passthrough
Stuck on Windows with a complex USB device?
→ Buy VirtualHere or switch to WSL2 + USB/IP (advanced). connect usb device to android emulator better
Now you have a repeatable, reliable, better USB connection from your Android emulator. Go test that barcode scanner or thermal printer without hunting for a dusty physical device. Connecting a physical USB device to an Android
emulator -list-avds
emulator -avd Pixel_4_API_30 -qemu -usb -device usb-host,vendorid=0x046d,productid=0xc077
Enable Developer Options: Go to Settings > About Phone and tap Build Number 7 times. Enable Developer Options : Go to Settings >
Unrecognized Device: Try revoking USB debugging authorizations on the virtual device settings and reconnecting if the emulator fails to "see" the passed-through hardware.